Network Protocols

At the human level, some communication rules are formal and others are simply understood based on custom and practice. For devices to successfully communicate, a network protocol suite must describe precise requirements and interactions. Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices. Some common networking protocols are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Internet Protocol (IP).
Note: IP in this course refers to both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. IPv6 is the most recent version of IP and the replacement for the more common IPv4.
The figures illustrate networking protocols that describe the following processes:

• How the message is formatted or structured, as shown in Figure 1.

• The process by which networking devices share information about pathways with other networks, as shown in Figure 2.

• How and when error and system messages are passed between devices, as shown in Figure 3.

• The setup and termination of data transfer sessions, as shown in Figure 4.

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